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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Circuit quantum electrodynamics ： ウィキペディア英語版 Circuit quantum electrodynamics Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter. As in the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, a single photon within a single mode cavity coherently couples to a quantum object (atom). In contrast to cavity QED, the photon is stored in a one-dimensional on-chip resonator and the quantum object is no natural atom but an artificial one. These artificial atoms usually are mesoscopic devices which exhibit an atom-like energy spectrum. The field of circuit QED is a prominent example for quantum information processing and a promising candidate for future quantum computation. == Resonator == The resonant devices used for circuit QED are superconducting coplanar waveguide microwave resonators, which are two-dimensional microwave analogues of the Fabry–Pérot interferometer. Coplanar waveguides consist of a signal carrying centerline flanked by two grounded planes. This planar structure is put on a dielectric substrate by a photolithographic process. Superconducting materials used are mostly aluminium (Al) or niobium (Nb). Dielectrics typically used as substrates are either surface oxidized silicon (Si) or sapphire (Al2O3). The line impedance is given by the geometric properties, which are chosen to match the 50 $\backslash Omega$ of the peripheric microwave equipment to avoid partial reflection of the signal. The electric field is basically confined between the center conductor and the ground planes resulting in a very small mode volume $V\_m$ which gives rise to very high electric fields per photon $E\_0$ (compared to three-dimensional cavities). $E\_0=\backslash sqrt\}$ One can distinguish between two different types of resonators: $\backslash lambda/2$ and $\backslash lambda/4$ resonators. Half-wavelength resonators are made by breaking the center conductor at two spots with the distance $\backslash ell$. The resulting piece of center conductor is in this way capacitively coupled to the input and output and represents a resonator with $E$-field antinodes at its ends. Quarter-wavelength resonators are short pieces of a coplanar line, which are shorted to ground on one end and capacitively coupled to a feed line on the other. The resonance frequencies are given by $\backslash lambda/2:\; \backslash quad\; \backslash nu\_n=\backslash frac\}\backslash frac\; \backslash quad\; (n=1,2,3,\backslash ldots)\; \backslash qquad\; \backslash lambda/4:\backslash quad\; \backslash nu\_n=\backslash frac\}\backslash frac\; \backslash quad\; (n=0,1,2,\backslash ldots)$ with $\backslash varepsilon\_\{\backslash text\{eff\}\}$ being the effective dielectric permittivity of the device. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Circuit quantum electrodynamics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.